One Class, Two Worlds – Understanding transactional distance in hybrid learning
Veerle Ottenheim
Dissertation 2026: One class, two worlds. Understanding transactional distance in hybrid learning (PDF), Freudenthal Institute (pp. 180). Utrecht: Utrecht University.
On Wednesday, February 4th, 2026, in the Senate Hall of the Academiegebouw, Utrecht University (Domplein 29, 3512 JE Utrecht), Veerle Ottenheim defended her dissertation entitled: “One class, two worlds Understanding transactional distance in hybrid learning”.
Hybrid education, where online and onsite students participate simultaneously, is becoming increasingly common in higher education. It offers flexibility and allows students who are distant, ill, or abroad to take part. Yet it also raises new challenges. How can teachers ensure that all students feel equally included and engaged? And what is it like for teachers to teach to two audiences at the same time?
This dissertation focuses on the experiences of students and teachers in hybrid classrooms. Using the concept of transactional distance, the psychological distance between learners and teachers, it examines how interaction, engagement, and connection emerge. Four studies explore the practice of hybrid teaching, the role of lesson design and informal communication, and international collaboration in hybrid courses.
The findings show that hybrid education is not a simple solution but a complex learning environment that demands careful planning. When structure, interaction, and social connection are intentionally built into the design, hybrid education can foster inclusive and meaningful learning experiences. Without such attention, however, it risks creating distance and inequality.
This research offers practical and theoretical insights for teachers and institutions seeking to improve hybrid learning, ensuring that technological flexibility goes hand in hand with genuine human connection.
In dit proefschrift staat de ervaring van studenten en docenten in hybride onderwijs centraal. Met behulp van de theorie van transactional distance, de psychologische afstand tussen lerende en docenten, wordt onderzocht hoe interactie, betrokkenheid en verbondenheid tot stand komen. In vier studies is gekeken naar de praktijk van hybride onderwijs, de rol van lesontwerp en informele communicatie, en de samenwerking in internationale hybride cursussen.
De resultaten laten zien dat hybride onderwijs geen eenvoudige oplossing is, maar een complexe leeromgeving die zorgvuldige voorbereiding vraagt. Wanneer er aandacht is voor structuur, interactie en sociale verbinding, kan hybride onderwijs zorgen voor inclusieve en betekenisvolle leerervaringen. Zonder die aandacht dreigt juist afstand en ongelijkheid te ontstaan.
Het onderzoek biedt concrete handvatten voor docenten en onderwijsinstellingen die hybride onderwijs willen verbeteren en tegelijkertijd de menselijke kant van leren centraal willen houden.
Verwijzingen
- Ottenheim, V. L. (2026). One class, two worlds. Understanding transactional distance in hybrid learning (PDF), Freudenthal Institute (pp. 180). Utrecht: Utrecht University.
- Ottenheim, V. L., Meulenbroeks, R. and Drijvers, P. (2025). Transactional Distance and Interaction in Hybrid Education: a Case Study (PDF) European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 27(1), 44–62 doi:10.2478/eurodl-2025-0003.
